翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Central Mosque ・ Central Mosque of Lisbon ・ Central Mosque Wembley ・ Central Motorcycle Roadracing Association ・ Central Motors ・ Central Motorway Junction ・ Central Motorway Police Group ・ Central Mount Stuart ・ Central Mountain ・ Central Mountain Air ・ Central Mountain High School ・ Central Mountain Range ・ Central mountain range of Ilha de São Nicolau Important Bird Area ・ Central Mountain Range, Albania ・ Central Mountains Shared Use Trails System ・ Central mudminnow ・ Central Municipal Council ・ Central Murray Football League ・ Central Museum of Textiles, Łódź ・ Central Music ・ Central Music Company ・ Central Music Hall ・ Central Music Hall (Chicago) ・ Central Nacional de Inteligencia ・ Central Nacional de Televisão ・ Central Nahuatl languages ・ Central Narcotics Bureau ・ Central National Bank ・ Central National Bank (Richmond, Virginia) ・ Central National Bank (Washington, D.C.) Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Central mudminnow ： ウィキペディア英語版 Central mudminnow The central mudminnow (''Umbra limi'') is a small fish in the family Esocidae of the order Esociformes. It is found in central and eastern North America in productive waters. It is fairly tolerant of low oxygen concentrations and, as a result, it is sometimes the only, or one of a very few, fish species present in waters susceptible to winter or summer kill. ==Abstract== The central mudminnow lives in slow-moving water around ponds, lakes, and streams in central North America, and ranges in length from 51–102 mm. It burrows tail-first in mud and can tolerate low oxygen levels, allowing it to live in waterways unavailable to other fishes. Its coloration matches this habitat, being brownish above with mottled sides and a pale belly.〔Philips, G. L., Schmid, W. D., Underhill, J. C. 1982. Fishes of the Minnesota Region. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.〕 It is eaten by many species of fish such as grass pickerel, sunfishes, northern pike, and catfishes; it is also preyed upon by birds, foxes, and snakes when caught out of water.〔Jenkins, J. R. and Miller, B. A. 2006. Shoaling Behavior in the Central Mudminnow (''Umbra limi''). The American Midland Naturalist 158:226-232.〕 According to Paszkowski and Tonn, mudminnows perform better in environments with other fish species than in environments with just mudminnows, because the "interspecific interactions override a similar contribution for the mudminnow, which is regarded as a fugitive species".〔Paszkowski, C. A. and Tonn, W. M. 1991. An experimental study of factors affecting the distribution of yellow perch and central mudminnows along a species richness gradient. Environmental Biology of Fishes 33:399-404.〕 Central mudminnows are known to eat a large variety of zooplankton and benthic and epiphytic macroinvertebrates. Adults are also known to feed energetically in the winter months on littoral fish.〔Robinson, J. M., Jirka, K. J. and Chiotti, J. A. 2009. Age and growth analysis of the central mudminnow, ''Umbra limi''. Applied Ichthyology 26:89-94.〕 One experiment conducted by Colgan and Silburt resulted in mudminnows typically feeding more on benthic than plaktonic resources, with zooplankton making up only 0.7 of 511 items found in the stomach.〔Colgan, P. and Silburt, B. 1984. Feeding behavior of the central mudminnow, ''Umbra limi'', in the field and laboratory. Environmental Biology of Fishes 10:209-214.〕 This mudminnow uses a modified gas bladder to breathe air pockets trapped between the ice and water during the winter to feed and stay active.〔Currie, S., B. Bagatto, M. DeMille, A. Learner, D. LeBlanc, C. Marks, K. Ong, J. Parker, N. Templeman, B.L. Tufts, and P.A. Wright. 2010. Metabolism, nitrogen excretion, and heat shock proteins in the central mudminnow (''Umbra limi''), a facultative air-breathing fish living in a variable environment. NRC Research 88: 43-58.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Central mudminnow」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.